Research Environment: Grants & Authorship

The currency of Science	The scientific paper appearing in a peer-reviewed publication is the “currency” of science.
Date of publication, reception, acceptance	In addition to having a particular date of publication, many journals publish the date a paper was first received by the editors, before the revies and revision process started.
Ethics - Misaccreditation (plagiarism)	It is unethical to repeat verbatim from another author without proper accreditation. \\It is unethical to accredit oneself with work done by others.

Authorlist	Either alphabetical or in order of level of contribution.
Alphabetical list	All authors contributed at a similar level (at least in theory).
First author	This is the main author of the paper, that is, the person who: - is the driving force behind the work presented - is the author of the ideas presented in the paper - did most of the work and implementation. Ideally it is also the person who wrote most of the paper.
Reality	First author is often a professor who sticks their name on every paper published by a laboratory or department or group.
Second author	This is the “second person in command” for the work presented in the paper
Third, fourth, fifth, etc. author	Typically a list of people who did some of the work; sometimes these are also people who had a hand in the writing of the paper, but very often they are not (mostly for practical reasons).
Extremely long authorship lists	Becoming increasingly common in group projects
Last author	Increasingly advisors/professors are putting themselves at the end of the authors' list on papers describing the work of their students.
Acknowledgment vs. author?	If a person is not the authors' list (for whatever reason) but contributed something to the work, it is customary to put in a thank-you note in the Acknowledgment section.

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