Center for Analysis and Design of Intelligent Agents

Results & Conclusions

Results

Results	This section proves that your idea is great
Describe the evaluation method thoroughly but succinctly	Nothing is more annoying than long-winded discussion of the evaluation method. Just the facts, ma'am!
Evaluation method description: should have a one-to-one correspondence with the results section	This means that any table, graph, or illustration in the results should have a directly corresponding statement/motivation/ discussion in the Evaluation section. If you feel like you have to include tables whose existence are not discussed – and hence not justified – in the evaluation section, make sure they are either motivated by a surprise finding or else put them in a Discussion section.

Presentation Data

Be clear
Always summarize what the tables/graphs/etc. say with your own words, before drawing conclusions	E.g.: Do not say “As can be seen in Graph 1, my routing algorithm works best.” Say, “As can be seen in the comparison between the three routing algorithms, A, B and C, the algorithms with partial information about network topology have an advantage in networks above a certain size (point X, Graph 1). Among these, my algorithm, C, gets the best result.”
Captions: Equally important as the graph	Make sure your graph contains all the information necessary to interpret the graphics: Title, caption and legend should be written with the same care as the title of your paper and your abstract!!
Two principles	The clearest presentation - make the job easy on the reader The biggest impact - try to make the point as strongly as you possibly can.

Data Presentation for Human Consumption

Scientific papers are for people	People have limited capacity processors. Make sure you direct them to the most important points through the right data/information presentation methods.
Select the right format
When not to use graphs	When the graph contains too much or too little data
Common mistakes in graphs	Equating two-dimensional space with one-dimensional space Forget to indicate that an axis does not start at zero Using pie charts for open-ended scales examples (scroll down)
9 tips to make your graphs great (based on: source - now defunct. Alternative source)	1. decide on a clear purpose 2. convey an important message 3. draw attention to the message, not the source 4. experiment with various options and graph styles 5. use simple design for complex data 6. make the data 'speak' 7. adapt graph presentation to suit the data 8. ensure that the default visual perception process of the reader is easy and accurate 9. avoid ambiguity

Conclusions

Purpose	Summarize what the main contribution is, with appropriate mentionings of the method, result and assumptions (and possibly motivation, if this is important)
Format	Short, concise - it is different from the Abstract in that most will have read (most of) the paper when they read this section.
What to avoid	Repeating verbatim something that was said earlier. Being too wordy. Saying something new that should have been in a prior section. Not saying anything new (wrt the context, global conclusion, etc.).

Future Work

Purpose	To help those who want to continue the work understand what you would do next
Format	A few sentences on what will be the follow-up to this study. It is customary to put mentionings of future work in the Conclusions section, not to have it be a separate section.

Example

Typical format

- Restate the problem/challenge (1-2 sentences)
- Restate what you did (1 sentence)
- Draw up the main conclusion, refer to your results
- Comment on the implications
- Tell them what would be done next

Acknowledgment

Purpose	To thank people, funding agencies, etc. that should be acknowledged but are not appropriate to list as co-authors.
Format	Comes after Results, Conclusion.

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