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| public:t-713-mers:mers-26:empirical_reasoning [2026/08/16 14:22] – created thorisson | public:t-713-mers:mers-26:empirical_reasoning [2026/08/16 14:26] (current) – [Traditional Reasoning Categories] thorisson |
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| [[/public:t-713-mers:mers-25:main|T-713-MERS-2025 Main]] \\ | [[/public:t-713-mers:mers-26:main|T-713-MERS-2026 Main]] \\ |
| [[/public:t-713-mers:mers-25:lecture_notes|Link to Lecture Notes]] | [[/public:t-713-mers:mers-26:lecture_notes|Link to Lecture Notes]] |
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| =====Traditional Reasoning Categories===== | =====Traditional Reasoning Categories===== |
| | \\ Deduction | Figuring out the implications of facts (or predicting what may come). \\ Producing implications from premises. \\ The //premises// are given; the work involves everything else. \\ Conclusion is unavoidable given the premises (in a deterministic, axiomatic world). | | | \\ Deduction | Figuring out the implications of facts (or predicting what may come). \\ Producing implications from premises. \\ The //premises// are given; the work involves everything else. \\ Conclusion is unavoidable given the premises (in a deterministic, axiomatic world). \\ //The field that rests entirely on this kind of reasoning: Maths. // | |
| | \\ Abduction | Figuring out how things came to be the way they are (or how particular outcomes could be made to come about, or how particular outcomes could be prevented). \\ The //outcome// is given; the work involves everything else. \\ Sherlock Holmes is a genius abducer. | | | \\ Abduction | Figuring out how things came to be the way they are (or how particular outcomes could be made to come about, or how particular outcomes could be prevented). \\ The //outcome// is given; the work involves everything else. \\ //Sherlock Holmes is a genius abducer.// | |
| | \\ Induction | Figuring out the general case. \\ Making general rules from a (small) set of examples, or from observation, e.g. 'the sun has risen in the east every morning up until now, hence, the sun will always rise in the east.' | | | \\ Induction | Figuring out the general case. \\ Making general rules from a (small) set of examples, or from observation, e.g. 'the sun has risen in the east every morning up until now, hence, the sun will always rise in the east.' \\ //Most famous acts of induction in human history: Theory of Evolution (Darwin); Theory of Relativity (Einstein)// | |
| | \\ Analogy | Figuring out how things are similar or different. \\ Using the properties of one thing X to characterize the properties of another, Y. \\ Making inferences about how something X might be, through a comparison to something else Y, where X and Y share some observed properties. | | | \\ Analogy | Figuring out how things are similar or different. \\ Using the properties of one thing X to characterize the properties of another, Y. \\ Making inferences about how something X might be, through a comparison to something else Y, where X and Y share some observed properties. \\ | |
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