| Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision |
| rem4:course_overview [2014/08/19 12:59] – thorisson | rem4:course_overview [2024/04/29 13:33] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
|---|
| \\ | \\ |
| |
| ==Research Concepts / Definitions== | ====Research Concepts / Definitions==== |
| |
| | Theory (isl. kenning) | "A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena." [[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=theory|REF]] \\ A theory is a relatively big explanation, covering several phenomena, often through a single principle, or a set of simple principles. | | | Theory (isl. kenning) | "A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena." [[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=theory|REF]] \\ A theory is a relatively big explanation, covering several phenomena, often through a single principle, or a set of simple principles. | |
| \\ | \\ |
| |
| ==The Scientific Method: Classical Description== | ====The Scientific Method: Classical Description==== |
| | Identification, description and formalization of phenomenon | 1. Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. | | | Identification, description and formalization of phenomenon | 1. Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. | |
| | Hypothesis, null-hypothesis | 2. Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. | | | Hypothesis, null-hypothesis | 2. Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. | |
| \\ | \\ |
| |
| ==Scientific Method: Independent of Topic== | ====Scientific Method: Independent of Topic==== |
| | The scientific method is independent of topic... |One can study **any phenomenon** with the scientific method, including claims of telepathy; selection of topic is independent of science -- there is nothing inherently "unscientific" about studying any subject. (Close-mindedness //is//, however, unscientific.) | | | The scientific method is independent of topic... |One can study **any phenomenon** with the scientific method, including claims of telepathy; selection of topic is independent of science -- there is nothing inherently "unscientific" about studying any subject. (Close-mindedness //is//, however, unscientific.) | |
| | ... yet methodology varies significantly by field |For example: \\ - Illegal to make experiments on living human brains \\ - Difficult to make comparative studies in sociology | | | ... yet methodology varies significantly by field |For example: \\ - Illegal to make experiments on living human brains \\ - Difficult to make comparative studies in sociology | |
| \\ | \\ |
| |
| ==Experimental Design== | ====Experimental Design==== |
| | Sorting out variables |Independent variables: These are factors that need to be controlled for the results to be more intelligible. Example: If we want to study the efficiency speedup seen by a new multi-cultural word processor we would want to have all or some of the cultures represented when we do the study. | | | Sorting out variables |Independent variables: These are factors that need to be controlled for the results to be more intelligible. Example: If we want to study the efficiency speedup seen by a new multi-cultural word processor we would want to have all or some of the cultures represented when we do the study. | |
| | Dependent variables: | These are "the things we want to measure", e.g. the speedup seen with the new word processor.| | | Dependent variables: | These are "the things we want to measure", e.g. the speedup seen with the new word processor.| |
| \\ | \\ |
| |
| ==Scientific Publications== | ====Scientific Publications==== |
| | The currency of Science | The scientific paper appearing in a peer-reviewed publication is the "currency" of science.| | | The currency of Science | The scientific paper appearing in a peer-reviewed publication is the "currency" of science.| |
| | Date of publication, reception, acceptance |In addition to having a particular date of publication, many journals publish the date a paper was first received by the editors, before the revies and revision process started.| | | Date of publication, reception, acceptance |In addition to having a particular date of publication, many journals publish the date a paper was first received by the editors, before the revies and revision process started.| |
| | Ethics - Misaccreditation (plagiarism) | It is unethical to repeat verbatim from another author without proper accreditation. \\It is unethical to accredit oneself with work done by others.| | | Ethics - Misaccreditation (plagiarism) | It is unethical to repeat verbatim from another author without proper accreditation. \\ It is unethical to accredit oneself with work done by others.| |
| |
| \\ | \\ |
| |
| |
| ==Authorship== | ====Authorship==== |
| | Authorlist |Either alphabetical or in order of level of contribution.| | | Authorlist |Either alphabetical or in order of level of contribution.| |
| | Alphabetical list |All authors contributed at a similar level (at least in theory).| | | Alphabetical list |All authors contributed at a similar level (at least in theory).| |
| \\ | \\ |
| |
| ==Theses== | ====Theses==== |
| | Not very different from standard scientific publications | The scientific paper provides the basic model | | | Not very different from standard scientific publications | The scientific paper provides the basic model | |
| | Authorship |A thesis is supposed to represent an original contribution of its main author, that is, the student's.| | | Authorship |A thesis is supposed to represent an original contribution of its main author, that is, the student's.| |
| \\ | \\ |
| |
| ==Research Grant Proposals== | ====Research Grant Proposals==== |
| | Research Proposals | The major method for funding scientific research | | | Research Proposals | The major method for funding scientific research | |
| | Sources | Rannís, European Union | | | Sources | Rannís, European Union | |
