| Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision |
| public:t-720-atai:atai-24:task-environments [2024/01/22 16:43] – thorisson | public:t-720-atai:atai-24:task-environments [2024/04/29 13:33] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
|---|
| [[/public:t-720-atai:atai-22:main|T-720-ATAI-2022 Main]] \\ | [[/public:t-720-atai:atai-24:main|T-720-ATAI-2024Main]] \\ |
| [[/public:t-720-atai:atai-22:lecture_notes|Lecture Notes 2022]] | [[/public:t-720-atai:atai-24:lecture_notes|Lecture Notes 2024]] |
| | |
| [[/public:t-713-mers:mers-23:main|T-713-MERS-2023 Main]] \\ | |
| [[/public:t-713-mers:mers-23:lecture_notes|Link to Lecture Notes]] | |
| |
| \\ | \\ |
| | \\ What it is | A set of constraints that determine what is and isn't possible. We call it "the laws of physics" (even though we don't know if they are immutable 'laws'). | | | \\ What it is | A set of constraints that determine what is and isn't possible. We call it "the laws of physics" (even though we don't know if they are immutable 'laws'). | |
| | Interaction | We think of the 'world' and 'intelligent beings' as separate processes. It is the interaction between intelligence and the world that is the focus of study in artificial intelligence. \\ To be capable of adaptation requires measuring (some part of) the world. This is done via sensors. | | | Interaction | We think of the 'world' and 'intelligent beings' as separate processes. It is the interaction between intelligence and the world that is the focus of study in artificial intelligence. \\ To be capable of adaptation requires measuring (some part of) the world. This is done via sensors. | |
| | Sensors are physical | Animals and robots perceive the physical world through sensors. \\ These sensors are made from the same stuff as that which they perceive and are subject to the same laws of physics. | | | Sensors are physical | Animals and robots perceive the physical world through sensors. \\ These sensors are made from the same stuff as that which they perceive and are subject to the same laws of physics. | |
| | \\ \\ "The real world" | ...is a hypothesized phenomenon based on our collective experience of it and the apparent coordination this experience has with the apparent (experienced) experience of other similar beings. \\ René Descartes, the French philosopher, famously claimed that "I think, therefore I am." He recognized that the only certainty we have of anything is that we perceive in the here-and-now. | | | \\ "The real world" | ...is a hypothesized phenomenon based on our collective experience of it and the apparent coordination this experience has with the apparent (experienced) experience of other similar beings. \\ René Descartes, the French philosopher, famously claimed that "I think, therefore I am." He recognized that the only certainty we have of anything is that we perceive in the here-and-now. | |
| | Artificial Worlds | We may conceive of any "world" which follows different rules than our own. \\ These worlds are potential worlds for AI systems, just as the physical world is. | | | Artificial Worlds | We may conceive of any "world" which follows different rules than our own. \\ These worlds are potential worlds for AI systems, just as the physical world is. | |
| | However ... | Any //implemented// world, whether abstract or otherwise, must bow to the nature of the physical universe, because implementation means //physically incarnated//. | | | However ... | Any //implemented// world, whether abstract or otherwise, must bow to the nature of the physical universe, because implementation means //physically incarnated//. | |
| | Reliable Regularity | To do anything //reliably// means depending on //reliable regularity// which is conducive to prediction. | | | Reliable Regularity | To do anything //reliably// means depending on //reliable regularity// which is conducive to prediction. | |
| | AI Boils Down To | Building machines that can figure out what can be reliably achieved in uncertain worlds. | | | AI Boils Down To | Building machines that can figure out what can be reliably achieved in uncertain worlds. | |
| | \\ \\ Abstract Worlds | We may of course define any kind of "world" of our choosing. However, if it is to be **implemented** it must run using some physical properties, be it an abacus, transistors, light, or something else, and if uses physical properties these //must obey physical laws//, which means that \\ //1. an abstract AI that cannot be implemented is not intelligent (it is a blueprint for something else), and \\ 2. any AI must be able to address - using intelligence - physical properties//. | | | \\ \\ Abstract Worlds | We may of course define any kind of "world" of our choosing. However, if it is to be **implemented** it must run using some physical properties, be it an abacus, transistors, light, or something else, and if uses physical properties these //must obey physical laws//, which means that \\ //1. an abstract AI that cannot be implemented is not intelligent (but it could be a **blueprint** for something else), and \\ 2. any AI must be able to address - using intelligence - physical properties//. | |
| |
| \\ | \\ |
| | **W**: \\ A World | **W = { V,F,S<sub>0</sub>,R }** || | | **W**: \\ A World | **W = { V,F,S<sub>0</sub>,R }** || |
| | **V**: \\ Variables | **V = { v<sub>1</sub>, v<sub>2</sub>, . . . , v{||V||} }** || | | **V**: \\ Variables | **V = { v<sub>1</sub>, v<sub>2</sub>, . . . , v{||V||} }** || |
| | **F**: \\ Transition Functions | \\ **F** is a set of transition functions / rules describing how the variables can change. \\ The dynamics can intuitively be thought of as the world’s “laws of nature”, continually transforming the world’s current state into the next: **S{t+δ} = F(S<sub>t</sub>)**. || | | **F**: \\ Transition Functions | **F** is a set of transition functions / rules describing how the variables can change. \\ The dynamics can intuitively be thought of as the world’s “laws of nature”, continually transforming the world’s current state into the next: **S{t+δ} = F(S<sub>t</sub>)**. || |
| | **C**: \\ A World Clock | The clock updates the Transition Functions. \\ In the physical world **C** updates **F** (including energy transfer), irrespective of anything and everything else that may happen in the World, constraining how much can happen for any time unit. || | | **C**: \\ A World Clock | The clock updates the Transition Functions. \\ In the physical world **C** updates **F** (including energy transfer), irrespective of anything and everything else that may happen in the World, constraining how much can happen for any time unit. || |
| | **S<sub>0</sub>**: \\ Initial State | **S<sub>0</sub>** is the State that **W** started out in. \\ In any complex world this is unlikely to be known; for artificial worlds this may be defined. || | | **S<sub>0</sub>**: \\ Initial State | **S<sub>0</sub>** is the State that **W** started out in. \\ In any complex world this is unlikely to be known; for artificial worlds this may be defined. || |
| | \\ **R**: \\ Relations | **R** are the relations between variables in the world. These may be unknown or partially known to an //Agent// in the world. || | | \\ **R**: \\ Relations | **R** are the relations between variables in the world. These may be unknown or partially known to an //Agent// in the world. || |
| | ::: | Static World | Changes //State// only through //Agent Action//. | | | ::: | Static World | Changes //State// only through //Agent Action//. | |
| | ::: | Dynamic World | Changes //State// through //Agent Action// and through other means. | | | ::: | Dynamic World | Changes //State// through //Agent Action// and through other means. | |
| | \\ State | **s<sub>t</sub> in V<sub>t</sub>**. A set of variables **x** with a set of values, specified to some particular precision (with constraints, e.g. error bounds), for relevant to a //World//. \\ For all practical purposes, in any complex World "State" refers by default to a sub-state, since it is a practical impossibility to know its full state (values of the complete set of variables) of a world; there will always be a vastly higher number of "don't care" variables than the variables listed for e.g. a //Goal State// (a //State// associated with a //Goal//). || | | \\ State | **s<sub>t</sub> in V<sub>t</sub>**. A set of variables **x** with a set of values, specified to some particular precision (with constraints, e.g. error bounds), for relevant to a //World//. \\ For all practical purposes, in any complex World "State" refers by default to a sub-state, since it is a practical impossibility to know its full state (values of the complete set of variables) of a world; there will always be a vastly higher number of "don't care" variables than the variables listed for e.g. a //Goal State// (a //State// associated with a //Goal//). || |
| | | \\ State \\ definition | **s<sub>t</sub> in V<sub>t</sub>** \\ where \\ **{ x<sub>l</sub>, x<sub>u</sub> } | {x<sub>l</sub> =< x =< x<sub>u</sub>}** \\ defines lower (**x<sub>l</sub>**) and upper (**x<sub>u</sub>**) bounds on acceptable range for each **x** to count towards the State, respectively. | | | | \\ State \\ definition | **s<sub>t</sub> in V<sub>t</sub>** \\ where \\ **{ x<sub>l</sub>, x<sub>u</sub> } | {x<sub>l</sub> =< x =< x<sub>u</sub>}** \\ defines lower (**x<sub>l</sub>**) and upper (**x<sub>u</sub>**) bounds on acceptable range for each **x** to count towards the State, respectively. | |
