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--- public:t-720-atai:atai-22:self-organization [2022/08/10 13:07] – created thorisson
+++ public:t-720-atai:atai-22:self-organization [2024/04/29 13:33] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 =====Complexity & Emergence=====
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+====Introduction====
+|  \\ What is Complexity?  | //Complexity characterises the behaviour of a system or model whose components interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, leading to nonlinearity, randomness, collective dynamics, hierarchy, and emergence.// \\ Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexity  |
+|  \\ What is Emergence?  | //In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when an entity is observed to have properties its parts do not have on their own, properties or behaviors that emerge only when the parts interact in a wider whole.// \\ Source: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence]]  |
+|  \\ \\ Why is either relevant here?  | To make GMI (general machine intelligence) systems, we must adopt new methodologies, i.e. methodologies that do not build on standard ways to build systems as done in traditional engineering and computer science. Looking at systems that employ different methods from putting everything in pipelines, hand-coding everything beforehand, using the slowest component to determine the update rate of the whole system, pre-compilation, etc., can help our imagination adopt new paradigms.    |
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+====Examples of Self-Organization (Emergence)====
+|  Group Clapping  | Try this in class: Start clapping; aim for clapping at the same rate as everyone else in the room.  Self-organization without centralized control.   |
+|  Conway's Game of Life  | [[https://academo.org/demos/conways-game-of-life/|Link to Applet]]   |
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 |  Book  | A New Kind of Science.   |
 |  Why it's important  | Major analysis of rules for 1-D CAs. Most comprehensive work on CAs to date.    |
-|  Rule 30   | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_30|Wikipedia]]    |
+|  Rule 30   | Very simple **deterministic** rule that gives rise to very complex //seemingly random// patterns. \\ Source: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_30|Wikipedia]]    |
 \\
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+====== Videos of Emergent Phenomena ======
+Corn starch shaken at audible frequencies: http://youtube.com/watch?v=WTCkVh9CWT8&feature=related
+Corn starch shaken at several thousand Herz: TBD http://youtube.com/w/Amazing-Liquid?v=CH6-2UizHfI
+Posable iron puck in a liquid-nitrogen-induced magentic field: http://youtube.com/watch?v=c3asSdngzLs&feature=related
+The Weissenberg effect: http://youtube.com/watch?v=npZzlgKjs0I&feature=related
+Ferromagnetic fluid: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jY72o-JAp0Q
+More ferromagentism: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpI4EiGACo8&feature=related
+Even more ferromagnetic fluids: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d44LW6KZ_iU&feature=related
+Corn starch pool competition: http://youtube.com/watch?v=f2XQ97XHjVw&feature=related
+And just in case you thought this talk about self-organization is mumbo-jumpo and a waste of time: https://newatlas.com/medical/self-assembling-molecules-suffocate-cancer-cells-hours/
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+K.R.Thorisson(c)2022