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| public:t-720-atai:atai-21:task-environment [2021/08/09 15:42] – created thorisson | public:t-720-atai:atai-21:task-environment [2024/04/29 13:33] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
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| | \\ State | <m>s_t~subset~V_t</m>. A set of variables <m>x</m> with a set of values, specified to some particular precision (with constraints, e.g. error bounds), for relevant to a //World//. \\ For all practical purposes, in any complex World "State" refers by default to a sub-state, since it is a practical impossibility to know its full state (values of the complete set of variables) of a world; there will always be a vastly higher number of "don't care" variables than the variables listed for e.g. a //Goal State// (a //State// associated with a //Goal//). || | | \\ State | <m>s_t~subset~V_t</m>. A set of variables <m>x</m> with a set of values, specified to some particular precision (with constraints, e.g. error bounds), for relevant to a //World//. \\ For all practical purposes, in any complex World "State" refers by default to a sub-state, since it is a practical impossibility to know its full state (values of the complete set of variables) of a world; there will always be a vastly higher number of "don't care" variables than the variables listed for e.g. a //Goal State// (a //State// associated with a //Goal//). || |
| | | \\ State \\ definition | <m>s_t~subset~V_t</m> \\ where \\ <m>{{lbrace}x_l, ~x_u{rbrace}} ~{|}~{{x_l <= x <= x_u}}</m> \\ \\ define lower and upper bounds on acceptable range for each <m>x</m> to count towards the State, respectively. | | | | \\ State \\ definition | <m>s_t~subset~V_t</m> \\ where \\ <m>{{lbrace}x_l, ~x_u{rbrace}} ~{|}~{{x_l <= x <= x_u}}</m> \\ \\ define lower and upper bounds on acceptable range for each <m>x</m> to count towards the State, respectively. | |
| | Exposable Variables | Variables in <m>V</m> that are measurable //in principle//. || | | Exposable Variables | Variables in <m>V</m> that are measurable and/or manipulatable //in principle//. || |
| | Observable Variables | Variables in <m>V</m> that can be measured for a particular interval in time are //observable// during that interval. || | | Observable Variables | Variables in <m>V</m> that can be measured for a particular interval in time are //observable// during that interval. || |
| | Manipulatable Variables | Variables in <m>V</m> whose value can be affected, either directly or indirectly (by an //Agent// or something else). || | | Manipulatable Variables | Variables in <m>V</m> whose value can be affected, either directly or indirectly (by an //Agent// or something else). || |
| | {{public:t-720-atai:510px-maxwell_s_demon.svg.png?500}} \\ Source: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_demon|Wikipedia]] || | | {{public:t-720-atai:510px-maxwell_s_demon.svg.png?500}} \\ Source: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_demon|Wikipedia]] || |
| | \\ A Thought Experiment | Imagine a container divided into two parts, A and B. Both parts are filled with the same gas at equal temperatures and placed next to each other. Observing the molecules on both sides, an imaginary demon guards a trapdoor between the two parts. When a faster-than-average molecule from A flies towards the trapdoor, the demon opens it, and the molecule will fly from A to B. Likewise, when a slower-than-average molecule from B flies towards the trapdoor, the demon will let it pass from B to A. The average speed of the molecules in B will have increased while in A they will have slowed down. Since average molecular speed corresponds to temperature, the temperature decreases in A and increases in B, contrary to the second law of thermodynamics. A heat extractor operating between the thermal reservoirs A and B could extract energy from this temperature difference, creating a perpetual motion machine. [ Adapted from [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_demon|Wikipedia]] ] | | | \\ A Thought Experiment | Imagine a container divided into two parts, A and B. Both parts are filled with the same gas at equal temperatures and placed next to each other. Observing the molecules on both sides, an imaginary demon guards a trapdoor between the two parts. When a faster-than-average molecule from A flies towards the trapdoor, the demon opens it, and the molecule will fly from A to B. Likewise, when a slower-than-average molecule from B flies towards the trapdoor, the demon will let it pass from B to A. The average speed of the molecules in B will have increased while in A they will have slowed down. Since average molecular speed corresponds to temperature, the temperature decreases in A and increases in B, contrary to the second law of thermodynamics. A heat extractor operating between the thermal reservoirs A and B could extract energy from this temperature difference, creating a perpetual motion machine. [ Adapted from [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_demon|Wikipedia]] ] | |
| | The Error | The thought experiment is flawed because the demon must be part of the same system that the container is part of; thinking requires time and energy and so whatever heat is saved in the container will be spent to run the demon's thinking processes. | | | \\ The Error | The thought experiment is flawed because the demon must be part of the same system that the container is part of; thinking (or computation, if the demon is a robot) requires time and energy, and so whatever heat is saved in the container will be spent to run the demon's thinking processes. (This was first proposed in 1929 by Leo Szilard.) | |
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