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| public:t-720-atai:atai-19:lecture_20notes_20w1 [2019/08/19 17:21] – [What this Course Is / Is not] thorisson | public:t-720-atai:atai-19:lecture_20notes_20w1 [2024/04/29 13:33] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
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| [[http://cadia.ru.is/wiki/public:t-720-atai:atai-18:main|T-720-ATAI-2018 Main]] \\ | [[http://cadia.ru.is/wiki/public:t-720-atai:atai-19:main|T-720-ATAI-2019 Main]] \\ |
| [[http://cadia.ru.is/wiki/public:t-720-atai:atai-18:Lecture_Notes|Links to Lecture Notes]] | [[http://cadia.ru.is/wiki/public:t-720-atai:atai-19:Lecture_Notes|Links to Lecture Notes]] |
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| =====T-720-ATAI-2018===== | =====T-720-ATAI-2019===== |
| ====Lecture Notes, W1==== | ====Lecture Notes, W1==== |
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| | Intelligence | This course is about phenomenon we refer to as "intelligence". A number of features of natural intelligence remain unexplained. In this course it is the question "How can we create a machine that is (at least) as smart as a human?" | | | Intelligence | This course is about phenomenon we refer to as "intelligence". A number of features of natural intelligence remain unexplained. In this course it is the question "How can we create a machine that is (at least) as smart as a human?" | |
| | AGI | A number of terms have been used to refer to the various aspects that people study wrt intelligence. We use the term "artificial general intelligence" in the most general sense (no pun intended), to refer to the various aspects of intelligence that allows it to deal with variety, incompleteness, and incremental information gathering. | | | AGI | The word "artificial" means "created (from the ground up) by us". \\ "General" means not specifically targeted to any particular use, but rather to any and every use, as much as that is possible. \\ Many terms have been used to refer to the various aspects that people study wrt intelligence. We use the term "artificial general intelligence" or "general machine intelligence" in the most general sense of these terms (no pun intended), to refer to the various aspects of intelligence that allows it to deal with variety, incompleteness, and incremental information gathering. | |
| | Advanced topics | The main focus of course is //not// the latest and greatest methods to come out of the field called "AI". However, we will make some references to such methods along the way, and you may even learn something about them. But that is not what is meant by "advanced". | | | Advanced topics | The main focus of course is //not// the latest and greatest methods to come out of the field called "AI". However, we will make some references to such methods along the way, and you may even learn something about them. But that is not what is meant by "advanced". | |
| | What does "advanced" mean here? | It refers to advancement toward a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of intelligence. | | | What does "advanced" mean here? | It refers to advancement toward a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of intelligence, and specifically, cutting-edge and bleeding-edge ideas about how to achieve AGI. Some of the topics we cover are "fringe" in that not very many researchers are studying them. That is, however, of course not any ground on which to dismiss them. If that were the case we would not have discovered DNA or the principles of evolution in nature. Many of the topics are at the border between research fields, some even squarely in the domain of philosophy. The majority, however, are cast in terms of concepts from computer and information science. | |
| | History | The phenomenon of intelligence has been studied for ages. Some of the early notable contributions were the Greek philosophers' musings on reasoning and logic. This is not a history course, but we must make some references to the history of philosophy, AI, cybernetics and computer science along the way. | | | History | The phenomenon of intelligence has been studied for ages. Some of the early notable contributions were the Greek philosophers' musings on reasoning and logic. This is not a history course, but we must make some references to the history of philosophy, AI, cybernetics and computer science along the way. | |
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| | Lectures | Every week involves lectures. Listening is good. Listening and asking questions is better. Reading the assignments, listening, and asking questions is best. | | | Lectures | Every week involves lectures. Listening is good. Listening and asking questions is better. Reading the assignments, listening, and asking questions is best. | |
| | Software Assignments | To enable you to get insight into principles of machine learning. | | | Software Assignments | To enable you to get insight into principles of machine learning and the advanced topics we cover. | |
| | Short Essay | To allow you to delve into a topic of particular interest to you. | | | Short Essay | To allow you to delve into a topic of particular interest to you. | |
| | Pair Software Project | To give you a bit more in-depth experience in programming AGI systems. | | | Pair Software Project | To give you a bit more in-depth experience in programming AGI systems. | |
| | How to define 'intelligence' | Many definitions have been proposed, see e.g.: [[http://www.vetta.org/documents/A-Collection-of-Definitions-of-Intelligence.pdf|A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence]] by Legg & Hutter. | | | How to define 'intelligence' | Many definitions have been proposed, see e.g.: [[http://www.vetta.org/documents/A-Collection-of-Definitions-of-Intelligence.pdf|A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence]] by Legg & Hutter. | |
| | Definitions: a word of caution | We must be careful when it comes to definitions -- for any complex system there is a world of difference between decent definitions and //good accurate appropriate// definitions. | | | Definitions: a word of caution | We must be careful when it comes to definitions -- for any complex system there is a world of difference between decent definitions and //good accurate appropriate// definitions. | |
| | Related quote | Aaron Sloman says: "Some readers may hope for definitions of terms like information processing, mental process, consciousness, emotion, love. However, each of these denotes a large and ill-defined collection of capabilities or features. There is no definite collection of nec- essary or sufficient conditions (nor any disjunction of conjunctions) that can be used to define such terms." (From [[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/Sloman.kd.pdf|Architectural Requirements for Human-like Agents Both Natural and Artificial]] by A. Sloman) | | | Related quote | Aaron Sloman says: "Some readers may hope for definitions of terms like information processing, mental process, consciousness, emotion, love. However, each of these denotes a large and ill-defined collection of capabilities or features. There is no definite collection of necessary or sufficient conditions (nor any disjunction of conjunctions) that can be used to define such terms." (From [[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/Sloman.kd.pdf|Architectural Requirements for Human-like Agents Both Natural and Artificial]] by A. Sloman) | |
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| ====Key Concepts in AI==== | ====Key Concepts in AI==== |
| | Problem | A state that should be changed. | | | Problem | A state of affairs, condition, or set of constraints that are desired to be changed. | |
| | Goal | The resulting state after a successful change. | | | Goal | The resulting state after a successful change. | |
| | Task | A problem that is assigned to be solved by an agent. | | | Task | A problem that is assigned to be solved by an agent. | |
| ====Some (Pressing?) Questions==== | ====Some (Pressing?) Questions==== |
| | Isn't AI almost solved? | Short answer: No! \\ If it's almost solved it's been "almost solved" for over 60 years. | | | Isn't AI almost solved? | Short answer: No! \\ If it's almost solved it's been "almost solved" for over 60 years. | |
| | Should we fear AI? | Short answer: No! \\ The threat lies with humans, not with machines -- human abuse of knowledge goes back to the stone age. | | | Is the Singularity near? | Short answer: Who's to say? \\ Predictions are difficult, especially wrt the future. | |
| | Is the Singularity near? | Short answer: Who's to say? \\ Predictions are difficult, especially wrt the future. \\ By the time the course is finished you will be in a good position to make up your own mind about this. | | | Should we fear AI? | AI is a technology. Like any other knowledge it can be used for good or bad. \\ The threat lies with humans, not with machines -- human abuse of knowledge goes back to the stone age. \\ By the time the course is finished you will be in a good position to make up your own mind about this. | |
| | | Is AGI Possible? | Short answer: Yes, in principle. The Devil is in the details. | |
| | | How long until we have AGI? | Short answer: Nobody knows. \\ Again, by the end of this course you'll be in a good position to answer this on an informed basis. | |
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| 2018(c)K. R. Thórisson | 2019(c)K. R. Thórisson |
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