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public:t-713-mers:mers-24:empirical-reasoning-1 [2024/10/08 12:28] – [Empirical Reasoning vs. Mathematical Reasoning] thorissonpublic:t-713-mers:mers-24:empirical-reasoning-1 [2024/11/05 11:33] (current) – [Non-Axiomatic Reasoning] thorisson
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-======EMPIRICAL REASONING I======+======Empirical Reasoning (I)======
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-====Empirical Reasoning vs. Mathematical Reasoning ==== +====Principles of Empirical Reasoning vs. Mathematical Reasoning ==== 
  
 ^  **TOPIC**   ^  **MATHEMATICAL REASONING**  ^  **EMPIRICAL REASONING**  ^ ^  **TOPIC**   ^  **MATHEMATICAL REASONING**  ^  **EMPIRICAL REASONING**  ^
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 |  Energy, Time, Space  |  Independent of energy, space and time \\ (unless specifically put into focus).  |  Limited by energy, space & time (LEST); \\ This is of central concern.  | |  Energy, Time, Space  |  Independent of energy, space and time \\ (unless specifically put into focus).  |  Limited by energy, space & time (LEST); \\ This is of central concern.  |
 |  Source of Data  |  Mostly hand-picked by humans from a pre-defined World.    |  Mostly measured by reasoning system itself, \\ from a mostly undefined World.   | |  Source of Data  |  Mostly hand-picked by humans from a pre-defined World.    |  Mostly measured by reasoning system itself, \\ from a mostly undefined World.   |
-|  Human-Generated Info  |  Large ratio of human to machine-generated info (more than 1). Human-generated info is detailed and targets specific topics and tasks.   |   Small ratio of human to machine-generated info (<<1). Human-generated info is provided in a small 'seed' and targets general bootstrapping.   |+|  Human-Generated Info  |  Large ratio of human to machine-generated info (> 1). Human-generated info is detailed and targets specific topics and tasks.   |   Small ratio of human to machine-generated info (<< 1). Human-generated info is provided in a small 'seed' and targets general bootstrapping.   |
 |  System-Produced Output  |  Guaranteed to be correct if the premises and rule use is correct.  |  Not guaranteed to be correct - always defeasible.  | |  System-Produced Output  |  Guaranteed to be correct if the premises and rule use is correct.  |  Not guaranteed to be correct - always defeasible.  |
 |  Data Reliability  |  Always trusted.   |  Never fully trusted; always incomplete.  | |  Data Reliability  |  Always trusted.   |  Never fully trusted; always incomplete.  |
 |  Data Availability  |  Most data is available. No hidden data.  |  Most data is unavailable and/or hidden.   | |  Data Availability  |  Most data is available. No hidden data.  |  Most data is unavailable and/or hidden.   |
 |  Data Types  |  Known a-priori. Statements always syntactically correct; pre-defined syntax.   |  Mostly not known; tiny dataset provided a-priori.  |  |  Data Types  |  Known a-priori. Statements always syntactically correct; pre-defined syntax.   |  Mostly not known; tiny dataset provided a-priori.  | 
-|  Permitted Values  |  Primarily Bool (True, False) \\ Rarely augmented by "unknown".  |  Highly variable combinations of Bool, N, Z, Q, R, C, \\ **as well as 'uncertain' and 'not known'.**  |+|  Permitted Rule Values  |  Primarily Bool (True, False) \\ Rarely augmented by "unknown".  |  Highly variable combinations of Bool, N, Z, Q, R, C, \\ **as well as 'uncertain' and 'not known'.**  |
 |  Information Amount  |  Inevitably sparse (due to being fully known).  |  Always vastly larger than available processing - overwhelming.   | |  Information Amount  |  Inevitably sparse (due to being fully known).  |  Always vastly larger than available processing - overwhelming.   |
 |  Statements  |  Clear, clean and complete.   |  Most statements are incomplete; rarely clear and clean.   |  |  Statements  |  Clear, clean and complete.   |  Most statements are incomplete; rarely clear and clean.   | 
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-====Challenges of Empirical Reasoning====+====Challenges in Empirical Reasoning====
 |  Data Diversity  | Data types in the physical world are many and diverse - and cannot be known beforehand.    | |  Data Diversity  | Data types in the physical world are many and diverse - and cannot be known beforehand.    |
 |  Noisy Data  | Data in the physical world is extremely noisy - we say that there is a 'low signal-to-noise ratio'.    | |  Noisy Data  | Data in the physical world is extremely noisy - we say that there is a 'low signal-to-noise ratio'.    |
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-=====Non-Axiomatic Reasoning=====+====Non-Axiomatic Reasoning====
 |  \\ NAL  | Distinguishes itself from other reasoning languages in that it is intended for knowledge in worlds where the axioms are unknown, not guaranteed, and/or fallible. \\  NAL is itself axiomatic, but it is designed for //domains// that are non-axiomatic.   |    |  \\ NAL  | Distinguishes itself from other reasoning languages in that it is intended for knowledge in worlds where the axioms are unknown, not guaranteed, and/or fallible. \\  NAL is itself axiomatic, but it is designed for //domains// that are non-axiomatic.   |   
 |  NAL Features  | Instead of being either {T,F}, statements have a degree of truth to them, represented by a value between 0 and 1.  \\ NAL uses term logic, which is different from propositional logic in the way it expresses statements.   |    |  NAL Features  | Instead of being either {T,F}, statements have a degree of truth to them, represented by a value between 0 and 1.  \\ NAL uses term logic, which is different from propositional logic in the way it expresses statements.   |   
/var/www/cadia.ru.is/wiki/data/attic/public/t-713-mers/mers-24/empirical-reasoning-1.1728390529.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/10/08 12:28 by thorisson
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