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+===== The Six Lenses of Ethical Decision Making =====
+==== The Rights Approach ====
+|  Core Idea  | Every individual has moral rights that should be respected, including rights to truth, privacy, freedom, and fairness |
+|  Key Question  | Does this action respect the moral rights of everyone involved? |
+|  Decision Making Focus  | - Avoid violating anyone’s inherent rights\\ - Don’t treat people as mere means to an end\\ - Rooted in deontological ethics (esp. Kant) |
+|  Useful when  | - There’s a risk of exploitation, coercion, or deception\\ - You want to ensure informed consent and respect for autonomy |
+==== The Justice (or Fairness) Approach ====
+|  Core Idea  | Ethical actions treat people equally or, if unequally, based on relevant differences (e.g., need, effort, responsibility). |
+|  Key Question  | Is this action fair? Are benefits and burdens distributed justly? |
+|  Decision Making Focus  | - Treat similar cases similarly\\ - Use principles of fairness to evaluate outcomes\\ - Consider institutional or structural inequalities |
+|  Useful when  | - Decisions affect groups differently\\ - There’s potential bias, favoritism, or systemic injustice |
+==== The Utilitarian Approach ====
+|  Core Idea  | Choose the action that produces the greatest good for the greatest number — minimize harm, maximize benefit. |
+|  Key Question  | What outcome will create the most overall good (or the least harm)? |
+|  Decision Making Focus  | - Weigh consequences for all affected parties\\ - Often used in public policy or cost-benefit analysis |
+|  Useful when  | - You need to evaluate trade-offs or side effects\\ - Ethical concerns involve resource allocation, risk, or public safety |
+==== The Common Good Approach ====
+|  Core Idea  | Ethical decisions should promote values and conditions that benefit everyone in a community or society. |
+|  Key Question  | Does this action strengthen the community and promote the common good? |
+|  Decision Making Focus  | - Emphasize shared values like safety, education, environment\\ - Supports civic responsibility and public trust |
+|  Useful when  | - An issue affects public institutions, services, or infrastructure\\ - You want to align actions with long-term collective well-being |
+==== The Virtue Ethics Approach ====
+|  Core Idea  | Focus not on rules or outcomes, but on the moral character of the person making the decision. What would a virtuous person do? |
+|  Key Question  | What would a person with good character do in this situation? |
+|  Decision Making Focus  | - Cultivate virtues like honesty, compassion, courage, humility\\ - Encourages moral maturity and self-reflection |
+|  Useful when  | - There's moral ambiguity or conflicting duties\\ - You want to reinforce ethical leadership or professionalism |
+==== The Care Ethics Approach ====
+|  Core Idea  | Ethical decision-making should emphasize relationships, empathy, and care — especially for those who are vulnerable. |
+|  Key Question  | How will this decision affect the people I am responsible for or connected to? |
+|  Decision Making Focus  | - Prioritize context, emotional bonds, and responsibilities of care\\ - Recognizes the moral value of dependency, trust, and sensitivity |
+|  Useful when  | - You're dealing with unequal power dynamics\\ - Ethics must account for real-world human needs and emotions |
+==== Their Usage ====
+You can use each lens
+  * Individually: e.g., "Apply the justice lens to this AI hiring system"
+  * Comparatively: e.g., "Compare the rights and utilitarian responses"
+  * Iteratively: e.g., "Apply three lenses to see where they agree or disagree"
+==== Ethical Decision Making ====
+Detailed analysis can be found [[https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/a-framework-for-ethical-decision-making/|On the Santa Clara Markulla Center for Applied Ethics website]]