public:t-709-aies-2025:aies-2025:moral_theories_i
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Table of Contents
DCS-T-709-AIES-2025 Main
Link to Lecture Notes
Moral Theories I: Concepts, Principles, and Classical Foundations
Concepts
Morality | The system through which we determine right and wrong conduct I.e., the guide to good or right conduct |
Ethics | The philosophical study of Morality |
Theory | A structured set of statements used to explain a set of facts or concepts. |
Moral Theory | A theory that explains why a certain action is wrong or why to act in a certain way. It can be used to evaluate specific moral issues. |
Basic Principles
Often, there is a reference to the four basic principles of healthcare when evaluating the merits and difficulties of medical procedures:
Autonomy | Of thought, intention, and action when making decisions regarding procedures. Therefore, the decision process must be free of coercion or coaxing. Therefore, all risks and benefits, as well as the likelihood of success, must be understood. |
Justice | Includes four main areas: Fair distribution of scarce resources, competing needs, rights and obligations, and potential conflicts with established legislation. |
Beneficence | Intent of doing good for those involved. Demands that providers maintain skills and knowledge, continually update training, consider individual circumstances, and strive for net benefit. |
Non-Maleficence | Do no harm! |
Moral Theories
Moral Objectivism | What is right or wrong doesn't depend on what anyone thinks is right or wrong. Moral facts exist like “physical facts” independent of what anyone thinks they are. They simply need to be discovered. |
Moral Relativism | What is morally right or wrong depends on the prevailing view in the society or culture we happen to be dealing with. |
Consequentialism | |
Utilitarianism | |
Virtue Ethics | |
Deontology |
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