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public:t-709-aies-2025:aies-2025:moral_theories_i [2025/08/25 14:40] – [Problems] leonard | public:t-709-aies-2025:aies-2025:moral_theories_i [2025/09/15 08:50] (current) – [Moral Objectivism] leonard | ||
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===== Concepts ===== | ===== Concepts ===== | ||
- | | Morality | The system through which we determine | + | |
- | | Ethics | The philosophical study of Morality | + | ==== Morality ==== |
- | | Theory | + | |
- | | Moral Theory | + | | What is Morality? |
+ | | Why is defining morality difficult? | ||
+ | | Descriptive Morality | ||
+ | | Normative Morality | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Ethics ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | What is Ethics? | ||
+ | | What isn't Ethics? | ||
+ | | Ethics vs. Morality | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Moral Theory ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | What are Moral Theories? | ||
+ | | Purpose of Moral Theories | ||
+ | | Role in Ethical Disagreement | ||
+ | | | ||
===== Basic Principles ===== | ===== Basic Principles ===== | ||
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* Most influential variety of consequentialism. | * Most influential variety of consequentialism. | ||
- | | Basis of Utilitariansim | + | | Basis of Utilitarianism |
| Instrumental and Intrinsic Value | **Instrumental Value**: A thing has only instrumental value if it is only valuable for what it may get you (e.g., money). \\ **Intrinsic Value**: A thing has intrinsic value if you value it for itself (i.e., you would value it even if it brought you nothing else. | | | Instrumental and Intrinsic Value | **Instrumental Value**: A thing has only instrumental value if it is only valuable for what it may get you (e.g., money). \\ **Intrinsic Value**: A thing has intrinsic value if you value it for itself (i.e., you would value it even if it brought you nothing else. | | ||
- | | What has intrinsic value? | For utilitarians: | + | | What has intrinsic value? | For utilitarians: |
The most ethical action is the one that produces the greatest overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people and minimizes pain or unhappiness for everyone affected by the choice. Outcomes are prioritized over intentions. | The most ethical action is the one that produces the greatest overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people and minimizes pain or unhappiness for everyone affected by the choice. Outcomes are prioritized over intentions. | ||
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== The Categorical Imperative == | == The Categorical Imperative == | ||
+ | |||
+ | | First version | Act only according to that maxim [i.e., rule] whereby you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. | | ||
+ | | Second version | Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means.\\\\ -> Important to treat people as autonomous agents. | | ||
+ | | Third version | (Not important here, just for completeness) Every rational being must so act as if [they] were through his maxim always a lawmaking member in the universal kingdom of ends. | | ||
* Influential in arguments for human rights. | * Influential in arguments for human rights. | ||
* Informed consent | * Informed consent | ||
* Value the autonomy of individuals. | * Value the autonomy of individuals. | ||
- | |||
==== Problems ==== | ==== Problems ==== |
/var/www/cadia.ru.is/wiki/data/attic/public/t-709-aies-2025/aies-2025/moral_theories_i.1756132804.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/08/25 14:40 by leonard