public:t-701-rem4:scales_display_of_data
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+ | ===== Scales & Display of Data ===== | ||
+ | ===Scales=== | ||
+ | | When measuring variables... | ... we have to use some scale to do so. This applies to both independent and dependent variables. | ||
+ | | Types of scales | Nominal \\ Ordinal \\ Interval \\ Ratio | | ||
+ | | Different scales require different treatment | ||
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+ | ===Scale Type Description=== | ||
+ | | Nominal | ||
+ | | Ordinal | ||
+ | | Interval | ||
+ | | Ratio | All the properties of an Interval scale PLUS a fixed starting point. Example: Height, salary, weight. | ||
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+ | ===Variables=== | ||
+ | | Dependent variable | The (main) variable we want to measure. | ||
+ | | Independent variable | ||
+ | | Active independent variable | ||
+ | | Attribute variable | Independent variable that we cannot manipulate. | ||
+ | | Continuous variable | ||
+ | | Categorical variable | ||
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+ | ===Types of Graphs=== | ||
+ | | Scatterplot | ||
+ | | Line diagram | Standard "x-y plot" where a line connects the points. | ||
+ | | Bar Chart | A set of bars indicate the value of a variable for each value of another variable. | ||
+ | | Pie Chart | For a total set of data (100%), the % distribution for a dependent variable over a fixed set of (categorical) variable values. | ||
+ | | Histogram | ||
+ | | Cumulative graph | The cumulative frequency of a dependent variable over the values of another variable. | ||
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+ | ===Graphs: When to Use Which=== | ||
+ | | Scatterplot | Good for continuous variables, to show the relationship between two variables. | ||
+ | | Line Chart | Drawing a line between the values indicates relationship between each successive measurement, | ||
+ | | Bar Chart | When the independent variable is categorical; | ||
+ | | Pie Chart | Good for showing distribution among a fixed and low number of dependent variable values, e.g. voting for a small number of political parties. | ||
+ | | Histogram | ||
+ | | Cumulative graph | Good for showing a relationship between counts/ | ||
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+ | ===Examples=== | ||
+ | | Scatterplot | http:// | ||
+ | | Line Chart | http:// | ||
+ | | Bar Chart | http:// | ||
+ | | Pie Chart | http:// | ||
+ | | Histogram | http:// | ||
+ | | Cumulative Graph | [[http:// | ||
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+ | ===Edward Tufte' | ||
+ | | The First Grand Principle: Enforce Wise Visual Comparisons., | ||
+ | | The Second Grand Principle: Show Causality. We are looking at information to understand mechanisms. Policy reasoning is about examining causality. Napoleon was defeated by the winter, not the opposing army, as shown by the temperature scale o n the bottom of Minard' | ||
+ | | The Third Grand Principle: The World We Seek to Understand is Multivariate, | ||
+ | | The Fourth Grand Principle: Completely Integrate Words, Numbers and Images. Don't let the accidents of the modes of production break up the text, images and data. Just because the artists, technical writers and database people work in differen t buildings doesn' | ||
+ | | The Fifth (most important) Grand Principle: Most of What Happens in Design Depends upon the Quality, Relevance and Integrity of the Content. Minard' | ||
+ | | The Sixth Grand Principle: Information for Comparison Should be Put Side by Side., i.e., within the eye span, not stacked in time on subsequent pages, which is known as 'one damn thing after another', | ||
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+ | EOF |
/var/www/cadia.ru.is/wiki/data/pages/public/t-701-rem4/scales_display_of_data.txt · Last modified: 2024/04/29 13:33 by 127.0.0.1