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| public:t-701-rem4:course_overview_writing_papers [2013/01/18 10:00] – [Research Concepts / Definitions] thorisson | public:t-701-rem4:course_overview_writing_papers [2024/04/29 13:33] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
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| 1.0 Index | |
| * 1.1 Research Concepts | |
| * 1.2 The Scientific Method: Classical Description | |
| * 1.3 Scientific Method: Independent of Topic | |
| * 1.4 Experimental Design | |
| * 1.5 Scientific Publications | |
| * 1.6 Authorship | |
| * 1.7 Standard Structure of Scientific Publications | |
| * 1.8 Theses | |
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| ====Research Concepts / Definitions==== | |
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| | ====1.1 Research Concepts / Definitions==== |
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| | Theory (isl. kenning) | "A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena." [[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=theory|REF]] \\ A theory is a relatively big explanation, covering several phenomena, often through a single principle, or a set of simple principles. | | | Theory (isl. kenning) | "A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena." [[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=theory|REF]] \\ A theory is a relatively big explanation, covering several phenomena, often through a single principle, or a set of simple principles. | |
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| ====The Scientific Method: Classical Description==== | ====1.2 The Scientific Method: Classical Description==== |
| | Identification, description and formalization of phenomenon | 1. Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. | | | Identification, description and formalization of phenomenon | 1. Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. | |
| | Hypothesis, null-hypothesis | 2. Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. | | | Hypothesis, null-hypothesis | 2. Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. | |
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| ====Scientific Method: Independent of Topic==== | ====1.3 Scientific Method: Independent of Topic==== |
| | The scientific method is independent of topic... |One can study **any phenomenon** with the scientific method, including claims of telepathy; selection of topic is independent of science -- there is nothing inherently "unscientific" about studying any subject. (Close-mindedness is, however, unscientific.) | | | The scientific method is independent of topic... |One can study **any phenomenon** with the scientific method, including claims of telepathy; selection of topic is independent of science -- there is nothing inherently "unscientific" about studying any subject. (Close-mindedness is, however, unscientific.) | |
| | ... yet methodology varies significantly by field |For example: \\ - Illegal to make experiments on living human brains \\ - Difficult to make comparative studies in sociology | | | ... yet methodology varies significantly by field |For example: \\ - Illegal to make experiments on living human brains \\ - Difficult to make comparative studies in sociology | |
| | Computer Science | Direct testing of applications and programs \\ Models and simulations \\ User-driven studies \\ Mathematical proofs | | | Computer Science | Direct testing of applications and programs \\ Models and simulations \\ User-driven studies \\ Mathematical proofs | |
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| ====Experimental Design==== | \\ |
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| | ====1.4 Experimental Design==== |
| | Sorting out variables |Independent variables: These are factors that need to be controlled for the results to be more intelligible. Example: If we want to study the efficiency speedup seen by a new multi-cultural word processor we would want to have all or some of the cultures represented when we do the study. | | | Sorting out variables |Independent variables: These are factors that need to be controlled for the results to be more intelligible. Example: If we want to study the efficiency speedup seen by a new multi-cultural word processor we would want to have all or some of the cultures represented when we do the study. | |
| | Dependent variables: | These are "the things we want to measure", e.g. the speedup seen with the new word processor.| | | Dependent variables: | These are "the things we want to measure", e.g. the speedup seen with the new word processor.| |
| | Submission | to journals, conferences, workshops | | | Submission | to journals, conferences, workshops | |
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| ====Scientific Publications==== | \\ |
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| | ====1.5 Scientific Publications==== |
| | The currency of Science | The scientific paper appearing in a peer-reviewed publication is the "currency" of science.| | | The currency of Science | The scientific paper appearing in a peer-reviewed publication is the "currency" of science.| |
| | Date of publication, reception, acceptance |In addition to having a particular date of publication, many journals publish the date a paper was first received by the editors, before the revies and revision process started.| | | Date of publication, reception, acceptance |In addition to having a particular date of publication, many journals publish the date a paper was first received by the editors, before the revies and revision process started.| |
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| ====Authorship==== | \\ |
| | ====1.6 Authorship==== |
| | Authorlist |Either alphabetical or in order of level of contribution.| | | Authorlist |Either alphabetical or in order of level of contribution.| |
| | Alphabetical list |All authors contributed at a similar level (at least in theory).| | | Alphabetical list |All authors contributed at a similar level (at least in theory).| |
| | Acknowledgment vs. author? | If a person is not the authors' list (for whatever reason) but contributed something to the work, it is customary to put in a thank-you note in the Acknowledgment section.| | | Acknowledgment vs. author? | If a person is not the authors' list (for whatever reason) but contributed something to the work, it is customary to put in a thank-you note in the Acknowledgment section.| |
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| ====Standard Structure of Scientific Publications - Guide to the Young Scientist==== | \\ |
| | ====1.7 Standard Structure of Scientific Publications - Guide to the Young Scientist==== |
| | Abstract |Short and concise! No extra words! "Like reading the whole paper in 1 minute." This is the part of your paper that will be most frequently read, by far.| | | Abstract |Short and concise! No extra words! "Like reading the whole paper in 1 minute." This is the part of your paper that will be most frequently read, by far.| |
| | Introdution |Please do not copy the abstract and expand it into an introduction. Your readers already read your abstract. Don't make them read it in a more verbose version again!| | | Introdution |Please do not copy the abstract and expand it into an introduction. Your readers already read your abstract. Don't make them read it in a more verbose version again!| |
| Example paper: [[http://ls5-web.cs.uni-dortmund.de/~edelkamp/publications/symbolic.pdf]] | Example paper: [[http://ls5-web.cs.uni-dortmund.de/~edelkamp/publications/symbolic.pdf]] |
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| ====Theses ==== | \\ |
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| | ====1.8 Theses ==== |
| | Not very different from standard scientific publications | The scientific paper provides the basic model | | | Not very different from standard scientific publications | The scientific paper provides the basic model | |
| | Authorship |A thesis is supposed to represent an original contribution of its main author, that is, the student's.| | | Authorship |A thesis is supposed to represent an original contribution of its main author, that is, the student's.| |
| | Co-authorship on papers derived from thesis |Often an advisor co-authors papers with the student based on the thesis work. It is considered beneficial for a student to publish with their advisor because (typically) the advisor is better known than the student. \\ It is not the godsgiven right of the advisor to co-author papers with a student, especially not to be the first author of such work. This needs to be evaluated in every case...| | | Co-authorship on papers derived from thesis |Often an advisor co-authors papers with the student based on the thesis work. It is considered beneficial for a student to publish with their advisor because (typically) the advisor is better known than the student. \\ It is not the godsgiven right of the advisor to co-author papers with a student, especially not to be the first author of such work. This needs to be evaluated in every case...| |
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| ====Research Proposals==== | \\ |
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| | ====1.9 Research Proposals==== |
| | Research Proposals | The major method for funding scientific research | | | Research Proposals | The major method for funding scientific research | |
| | Sources | Rannís, EU | | | Sources | Rannís, EU | |
