| |
| public:sc-t-701-rem4-18-1:rem4-18-lecturenotes [2018/03/26 11:22] – [The Scientific Method: The Comparative Experiment (ísl. samanburðartilraun)] thorisson | public:sc-t-701-rem4-18-1:rem4-18-lecturenotes [2024/04/29 13:33] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
|---|
| |
| |
| * [[#Key_Concepts|Key Concepts]] (this page) | * [[#Key_Concepts|Key Concepts]] (lecture notes below, this page) |
| * [[public:rem4:rem4-18:Scientific Publications|Scientific Publications]] | * [[public:rem4:rem4-18:Scientific Publications|Scientific Publications]] |
| - [[public:rem4:rem4-18:Scientific Environment]] | - [[public:rem4:rem4-18:Scientific Environment]] |
| * **Philosophy of Science** | * **Philosophy of Science** |
| - [[public:rem4:rem4-18:philosophy of science I]] | - [[public:rem4:rem4-18:philosophy of science I]] |
| | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology|What is technology?]] |
| | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science|What is science?]] |
| | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science|What is philosophy of science?]] |
| | - [[http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/scientific-experiments/occams-razor2.htm|What is Occam's Razor?]] |
| | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy|What is philosophy?]] |
| | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality|What is causation?]] |
| - [[http://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/causality.html|Causality]] on Information Philosopher | - [[http://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/causality.html|Causality]] on Information Philosopher |
| | - [[http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_positivism|Logical positivism.]] |
| - IRPS: //What is Science?// by Ziman | - IRPS: //What is Science?// by Ziman |
| - IPRS - {{http://cadia.ru.is/wiki/_media/rem4:iprs-selectedchpts2015copy.pdf|Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science}} [[public:rem-4:rem-4-18:missing lines in IRPSS|Missing lines in scan]] | - IPRS - {{http://cadia.ru.is/wiki/_media/rem4:iprs-selectedchpts2015copy.pdf|Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science}} [[public:rem-4:rem-4-18:missing lines in IRPSS|Missing lines in scan]] |
| - IPRS - {{http://cadia.ru.is/wiki/_media/rem4:iprs-selectedchpts2015copy.pdf|Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science}} [[public:rem-4:rem-4-18:missing lines in IRPSS|Missing lines in scan]] | - IPRS - {{http://cadia.ru.is/wiki/_media/rem4:iprs-selectedchpts2015copy.pdf|Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science}} [[public:rem-4:rem-4-18:missing lines in IRPSS|Missing lines in scan]] |
| * **Empiricism, Experiments & Information** \\ // Research Methodology - a step-by-step guide for beginners// **(RM)** by Ranjit Kumar \\ All chapters except Ch10 (and Ch18 if you have the 3rd edition). Emphasis on those covered in class. | * **Empiricism, Experiments & Information** \\ // Research Methodology - a step-by-step guide for beginners// **(RM)** by Ranjit Kumar \\ All chapters except Ch10 (and Ch18 if you have the 3rd edition). Emphasis on those covered in class. |
| | - [[http://arachnoid.com/scientific_paradigm/index.html|The scientific paradigm]] by Paul Lutus |
| | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_evidence|What is empirical evidence?]] on Wikipedia |
| | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment|What is a scientific experiment?]] on Wikipedia |
| - [[public:rem4:rem4-18:design_of_comparative_experiments_i|Design of Comparative Experiments I]] | - [[public:rem4:rem4-18:design_of_comparative_experiments_i|Design of Comparative Experiments I]] |
| - RM: Chs.7 (Rsch Des), 8 (Sel Study Des) | - RM: Chs.7 (Rsch Des), 8 (Sel Study Des) |
| ==== The Scientific Method: The Comparative Experiment (ísl. samanburðartilraun) ==== | ==== The Scientific Method: The Comparative Experiment (ísl. samanburðartilraun) ==== |
| | Identification, description and formalization of phenomenon | Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. | | | Identification, description and formalization of phenomenon | Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. | |
| | **Hypothesis**, null-hypothesis | Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. Null-hypothesis is the inverse of a hypothesis - i.e. that some relationship that it proposes does **not** hold. | | | **Hypothesis**, null-hypothesis | Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. Null-hypothesis of a hypothesis is the claim that it is false - i.e. that some relationship that it proposes does **not** hold. | |
| | Creation of **experimental setup** to test hypothesis | Use of the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomena, or to predict quantitatively the results of new observations. | | | Creation of **experimental setup** to test hypothesis | Use of the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomena, or to predict quantitatively the results of new observations. | |
| | Performance of experiment, collection and analysis of results | Performance of experimental tests of the predictions by several independent experimenters and properly performed experiments. Basic assumption: Repeatability Can be repeated by anyone anywhere | | | Performance of experiment, collection and analysis of results | Performance of experimental tests of the predictions by several independent experimenters and properly performed experiments. Basic assumption: Repeatability Can be repeated by anyone anywhere | |
| | **Repeatability** requires formal framework | Detailed description, clear goals, clear (limited) scope, hence the formalities in their execution | | | **Repeatability** requires formal framework | Detailed description, clear goals, clear (limited) scope, hence the formalities in their execution | |
| | Key idea: **Comparsion** | Baseline collected in same experimental setup without any other intervention by experimenter | | | Key idea: **Comparsion** | Baseline collected in same experimental setup without any other intervention by experimenter | |
| | |
| | \\ |
| | \\ |
| | |
| | | {{public:t-701-rem4:scientific-method-1-gordana-dodig-crnkovic.png?700}} | |
| | | Processes underlying hypothetico-deductive scientific work. REF: //Scientific Methods in Computer Science// by Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic | |
| |
| \\ | \\ |
