| Next revision | Previous revision |
| public:rem4:rem4-15:course_overview [2015/08/16 17:22] – created thorisson2 | public:rem4:rem4-15:course_overview [2024/04/29 13:33] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
|---|
| | Hypothesis (isl. tilgáta) | Is a prediction about the relationship between a limited set of phenomena, as explained by a particular theory | | | Hypothesis (isl. tilgáta) | Is a prediction about the relationship between a limited set of phenomena, as explained by a particular theory | |
| | Data | Typically "raw numbers" -- only contain low-level semantics | | | Data | Typically "raw numbers" -- only contain low-level semantics | |
| | Information | Processed and prepared data | | | Information | Processed and prepared data. //Data with a purpose.// | |
| |
| \\ | \\ |
| \\ | \\ |
| |
| ====The Scientific Method: Classical Description==== | ====The Scientific Method: The Comparative Experiment==== |
| | Identification, description and formalization of phenomenon | 1. Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. | | | Identification, description and formalization of phenomenon | 1. Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. | |
| | Hypothesis, null-hypothesis | 2. Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. | | | Hypothesis, null-hypothesis | 2. Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. | |
| | Repeatability requires formal framework |Detailed description, clear goals, clear (limited) scope, hence the formalities in their execution | | | Repeatability requires formal framework |Detailed description, clear goals, clear (limited) scope, hence the formalities in their execution | |
| | Key idea: Comparsion | Baseline collected in same experimental setup without any other intervention by experimenter | | | Key idea: Comparsion | Baseline collected in same experimental setup without any other intervention by experimenter | |
| | |
| | \\ |
| | \\ |
| | \\ |
| | \\ |
| | |
| | ====The Scientific Method: Theories==== |
| | | A scientific theory ties up loose ends | A good scientific theory shows how data connects. | |
| | | A scientific theory predicts | A good scientific theory can be used to predict known and unknown results. | |
| | | A scientific theory predicts new things | A good scientific theory enables us to know about the unknown; the more detailed the theory (in some sense "better") the more detailed its predictions. | |
| | | A scientific theory can produce new hypotheses | A good scientific theory helps us do more experiments by being a source of hypothesis creation | |
| | | A scientific theory "tells a story" | A good scientific theory explains how data relates | |
| | | A scientific theory gives us the big picture | A good scientific theory relates together in a coherent way some part of the world -- the bigger the part, the better the theory. | |
| | | A scientific theory explains | The more completely and the more simply it explains things, the better the theory is | |
| | | Occam's Razor | A good scientific theory cannot be simplified; it is the shortest and most accurate explanation of a phenomenon. Einstein said: A theory should be as simple as possible, but not simpler. | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| \\ | \\ |
