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        <description>T-713-MERS-2023 Main 

Link to Lecture Notes






A SHORT CRASH COURSE IN ANNs








ANNs: Overview
  ANNs   A special way to create classification functions over large amounts of data without explicitly specifying the mathematical operations. Instead, a largely automated process called 'training' (based on an algorithm called</description>
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        <description>T-713-MERS-2023 Main 

Link to Lecture Notes






INTRODUCTION



  EMPIRICAL REASONING   Defeasible / non-axiomatic reasoning where the data, rules, and results are restricted to the physical world.  





Working Definition of Intelligence
  The (working) 
Definition of 
Intelligence 
Used in This</description>
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        <description>DCS-T-713-MERS-2023 Main 

Lecture Notes






Empirical Reasoning (1)








Foundational Considerations
  Why Empirical?   The concept 'empirical' refers to the physical world: We (humans) live in a physical world, which is to some extent governed by rules, some of which we know something about.</description>
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        <description>DCS-T-713-MERS-2023 Main 

Lecture Notes






Empirical Reasoning (2)








Uncertainty in Physical Worlds
  What it is   In a dynamic world with a large number of elements and processes, presenting infinite combinatorics, knowing everything is impossible and thus predicting everything is also impossible.</description>
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        <description>T-713-MERS-2023 Main 

Link to Lecture Notes






WORLDS, EMPIRICISM &amp; DATA






The Physical World
  
What it is   A set of constraints that determine what is and isn't possible. We call it “the laws of physics” (even though we don't know if they are immutable 'laws'). 
Animals and robots perceive the physical world through sensors.</description>
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Final Exam DCS-T-713-MERS-2023

The final exam will be a 3-hour open-book on-line exam (Canvas). 


Questions will focus on your understanding of the material that has been presented and discussed throughout the course and that which can be found in the assigned readings and lecture notes, with heavy emphasis on the</description>
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Link to Lecture Notes






INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE &amp; MODELING






Information &amp; Data
  Data   Data is information about something that has been, or can be, measured. To be of any use it must contain how the measurement was made and when. 
For instance, the time of departure for flight FI399 is 17:00</description>
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Lecture Notes






Learning &amp; Knowledge








Key Learning Terms
  What it is   Learning is a process that has the purpose of generating actionable information, a.k.a. knowledge.     


Key Features   Inherits key features of any process: 
- Purpose: To adapt, to respond in rational ways to problems / to achieve foreseen goals; this factor determines how the rest of the features in this list are measured.</description>
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        <description>After taking the course, diligently attending the classes and doing the assignments, thoroughly reading, and actively participating in discussions, students should be able to:

	*  Describe how common forms of reasoning relate to next-generation AI systems</description>
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T-713-MERS-2023 Links to Thórisson's Lecture Notes

	*  Background Concepts
		*  Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

	*  W1: INTRODUCTION
		*  Concepts &amp; Terms

	*  Sprint W2+W3: DATA, WORLDS &amp; EMPIRICISM
		*  Key concepts: Environment, tasks, entities, variables, experiments, data
		*  Worlds, Empiricism 

	*</description>
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        <description>T-720-MERS, EMPIRICAL REASONING SYSTEMS, Fall 2023








OVERVIEW

Organization of this course 





See Canvas For Up-To-Date Information, Notifications, Links to Lecture Notes

Instructor: Kristinn R. Thórisson 

Teaching Assistants: Arash Sheikhlar, Leonard Eberding 

8 ECTS Units, full Master's-level course</description>
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        <description>DCS-T-713-MERS-2023 Main

T-713-MERS-2023 Readings &amp; Study Material

Readings README (Do not skip!)







INTELLIGENCE: THE PHENOMENON [5,6]

What is intelligence? 
How do experts talk about it? 
What has been uncovered? 
What uniquely separates the phenomenon of intelligence from other similar phenomena in the world?</description>
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        <description>DCS-T-713-MERS-2023 Main 

Lecture Notes






Introduction to Reasoning Machines








Syllogisms
  
What is it?   A form of deductive argument/reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from 2 given or assumed propositions (premises / statements). The premises and the conclusion are simple declarative statements constructed using only three simple terms between them, each term appearing twice (as a subject and as a predicate)</description>
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        <description>T-713-MERS-2023 Main 

Links to Lecture Notes






Course Overview
  Organization   The bulk of the course is built up of 5 “sprints” on 5 key topics, each covering 2 weeks. The general organization of these is such: 
- The first week involves presentation of the sprint's topic(s), assignments, and other related things.</description>
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