[[/public:t-709-aies:AIES-24:main|DCS-T-709-AIES-2024 Main]] \\
[[/public:t-709-aies:AIES-24:lecture_notes|Link to Lecture Notes]]

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====== FUTURES STUDIES ======
//Knowing the future//

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==== Futurology ====

|  What it is  | Futurology is what we call "studying the future".  \\ Systematic prediction of what may happen in the future, and when.      |
|  Why it matters  | Allows preparation for what may come.      |
|  How it Works  | A bit like quantum physics: You can either say **what** will happen, or **when** something might happen, but not both at the same time.      |
|  The Next 20 Years  | To understand how AI may impact ethical concerns, and what the ethics of AI will become, we must look to the future. \\ That, however, calls for a crystal ball.   |
|  Further Readings  | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futures_studies#:~:text=%22Futurology%22%20is%20defined%20as%20the,a%20new%20science%20of%20probability.|Futures Studies]] on Wikipedia    |


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==== Crystal Ball ====

|  Our Crystal Ball  | is composed of parts that allow studying certain key factors in isolation.   || 
| | We can arm ourselves with: ||
| |  1.  | Remaining open questions in AI. |
| |  2.  | Understanding the drivers of "progress".   |
| |  3.  | Identifying and mapping out key causal factors of change.     |
|  And  | use them to dissect, study, and analyze their nature, behavior, and interaction.    ||

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==== Three Claims About the Future ====

|  #1:  | Rate of progress in automation through AI depends on rate of progress of basic research in AI ||
|  #2:  | Rate of progress in AI basic research depends on when these four mental processes will be automated:   ||
| |  a.  | **General autonomous learning**     |
| |  b.  | **Empirical reasoning** over autonomously learned knowledge     |
| |  c.  | Creative autonomous **goal generation and management**     |
| |  d.  | All three **unified in a single system**    |
|  #3:  | Automation with AI will be at least as impactful as automation in the last industrial revolution. ||

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==== Automating Intelligence ====

|  What AI is Really About  | Automating intelligence.    |
|  Prerequisites  | Fundamental knowledge about how to automate intelligence is a pre-requisite for applying automated intelligence government, business, health industry, and all other areas of life.    |
|  Home of Basic Research  | Basic research is primarily performed in academia.  \\ Hence: progress in the application of AI depends on progress of basic research in academia.   |
|  "Rate of Progress"  |  The speed of basic research depends on human ingenuity, funding, enabling factors.   |

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==== "Rate of Progress" ====

|  What it Means  | Essentially means the speed of “creating new knowledge”.  |
|  Creating New Knowledge  | Main producer of new knowledge is **systematized research** - applied and basic. \\ Scientific/technological research uses a system based on addressing forward-looking questions, from simple, e.g. how to manufacture something faster, to extremely difficult - curing cancer, implementing intelligent machines, understanding the cosmos.   |
|  Basic research  | Primary focus on fundamental questions. \\ Basic research in AI: Automating more (human) thought processes.  |
|  Applied research  | Primarily profit-, control-driven.  \\ Applied research in AI: Applying thinking machines to practical tasks.  |
|  Key Dependencies  | Applied research relies on progress in basic research. \\  Thus: Basic research drives applied research.   |

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{{/public:t-709-aies:future-march-of-ai.png}}


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==== The Fourth Industrial Revolution is the AI revolution ====

|  4th Industrial Revolution  | Has just begun.   |
|  Economics  | Under current market mechanisms, whatever is profitable to automate with AI will be automated with AI. \\ Power of AI will improve significantly over the coming years and decades.   |
|  What to Do  | Governments, special interest groups, and society at large must ensure that we benefit from AI, and don’t succumb to its negative side-effects.   |
|  Quite possibly jeopardized by AI  | Democracy, the law, nation states, our monetary system, peace, our way of life.   |

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//2024(c)K.R.Thórisson//